Biologically speaking, hybridization is defined as the breeding of two organisms from different species. This process creates a hybrid, an organism that’s a genetic mix of two different species.
There are countless examples of hybrids in both the wild and captivity. A
Examples of hybrid animals
As one example, there are
Another example is the Narluga, a half-narwhal half-beluga. Scientists identified this
Occasionally, hybrids are actively created by humans. For instance, farmers have interbred domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) with Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa)
There have also been examples where hybridization has occurred in captivity by accident. In 1978, a
Even modern humans are the product of hybridization. Throughout our long history as a species, we have
How does hybridization work?
You might have been taught at school that two different species cannot interbreed and create fertile offspring, but that’s not always the case.
It’s true in many scenarios: horses and donkeys can interbreed to create hybrid offspring, known as mules, but they will be infertile and unable to reproduce themselves.
In other scenarios, however, animals of different species can interbreed and create fertile offspring. This is typically a case of chromosomal compatibility. Dogs, wolves, coyotes, and jackals are different species, but they all possess 78 chromosomes arranged in 39 pairs,
Species must be closely related for hybridization to occur. You won’t have much luck trying to interbreed turtles with turtle doves because the two species are from vastly different branches of the evolutionary tree.
Interspecific hybrids a typically created through interbreeding of two different species from within the same genus, a taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is above species but below family.
There are always exceptions to the rule, though. For example, Motty the elephant’s parents were each technically from a different genus, Loxodonta and Elephas.